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Wastewater Biodegradability

Biodegradability is a key indicator of the extent to which organic pollutants in wastewater can be effectively degraded and utilized by microorganisms.

B/C ratio greater than 0.3 indicates that wastewater is relatively easy to biochemically treat.

B/C ratio between 0.1 and 0.3 indicates average biodegradability.

B/C ratio less than 0.1 indicates that the wastewater is difficult to biodegrade and requires pretreatment measures.

Increasing the B/C ratio of wastewater is crucial for optimizing existing biological treatment processes, reducing overall treatment costs, and improving pollutant removal efficiency.

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Ultraviolet Advanced Oxidation Processes (UV-AOPs) utilize ultraviolet radiation of specific wavelengths to directly degrade pollutants, or in synergistic action with oxidants (such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or ozone (O3)), to generate highly reactive free radicals (primarily hydroxyl radicals, OH) with strong oxidative potential, thereby transforming and degrading organic pollutants in water.

The photochemical oxidation process converts long chains into shorter ones, breaking them down into readily biodegradable small molecules, alcohols, and carboxylic acids. The production of oxygen-containing intermediates increases significantly during the reaction. These intermediates contain one or more -O, COOH-, or =O functional groups. They typically exhibit higher bioavailability than the original organic compounds and are detoxified. Therefore, photochemical oxidation significantly improves the biodegradability of recalcitrant organic compounds in nearly all applications.

Using appropriate oxidants or catalysts to complement the photochemical reaction can achieve COD/TOC degradation and improve the biodegradability of wastewater.

Trends in Important UV Oxidation Parameters:

1. Chain scission and ring opening of macromolecular organic compounds

2. Introduction and transformation of functional groups

3. Detoxification/reduction of toxic and hazardous substances

4. Generation of bioavailable substrates

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Pretreatment of highly toxic industrial wastewater

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